Reproductive System

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11.16 At the end of a month the tube-shaped embryo is 6 millimetres long. The region of the head is bent and marked with ridges and grooves like the gill slits of a fish. These later become part of the face and neck. Buds on the sides of the embryo later develop into arms and legs. Other blocks of tissue along the embryo’s back develop into the various bones and muscles.

11.17 During the organisation of an embryo, the cells divide repeatedly and finally organise themselves to perform specific functions. For example, some cells become muscle cells rather than nerve cells.

11.18 During the sixth month, the baby moves and kicks. The mother can feel the movement of the baby and also the constant growth of the baby.

 The Birth

11.19 For nine months the baby grows and changes shape. The mother feels a pushing inside her when the baby has to be born. This pushing takes the form of a series of contractions. It comes at regular intervals and is known as labour. This is the signal for the baby to be born. The muscles of the mother’s uterus are pushing the baby out into the world. The pushing gradually gets stronger and the mother too applies pressure so that the baby comes out easily. Normally the head of the baby comes out first and then, slowly, the rest of the body. At times the feet come out first. Once the baby breathes the air outside, it cries, as this is hard work for it. Then the doctor cuts the cord that joins the baby to its mother because now the baby does not need it any more, as it can breathe, eat, drink and expel waste by itself. The baby is thoroughly checked by the doctor. The baby’s weight is taken and a record is maintained, since this can tell the parents if the baby is growing well.