Endocrine System

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10.14 Osteoporosis – Like high blood pressure and diabetes, this progressive bone disease too strikes silently. “Osteoporosis”, which simply means “porous bones”, is second only to cardiovascular disease as a global health problem (WHO). Your bones are alive, just like other parts of the body. Bone renews itself continuously by removing old bone cells and replacing them with new cells. If too much old bone is lost and too little new bone is formed, due primarily to calcium deficiency, bone density loss can occur and the skeleton becomes porous and weak. This can set the stage for osteoporosis, a degenerative disease that over time, increases the risk of breaks and fractures, worsens your already poor posture and shaves inches off your height. There are two types of bone loss: age-related bone thinning that happens slowly in men and women; and the accelerated loss of bone mineral density that occurs in women, as estrogen levels drop after menopause – 80% osteoporosis cases happen in women. For bones to grow strong and healthy, we need to eat foods that contain calcium and vitamins A, C and D. These include dairy products, especially cheese and milk; fresh fruits and vegetables; and oily fish.

11. THE reproductive system

What is Female Reproductive System ?

11.1   A woman’s reproductive organs are more complex than those of a man because she plays a somewhat larger role than he does in the reproductive process. Reproduction in human beings involves two partners – one male and the other female. The female partner carries the young one in her body till the baby is fully formed and ready to come into the world. The process by which the baby is brought out from the body is called giving birth.